Table of Contents
- Introduction
- What is atrial fibrillation?
- Causes of atrial fibrillation
- Symptoms of atrial fibrillation
- Risk factors for atrial fibrillation
- Diagnosing atrial fibrillation
- Treatment options for atrial fibrillation
- Managing atrial fibrillation
- Conclusion
- FAQs
IIntroduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart rhythm problems seen today. It causes the heart to beat irregularly and often much faster than normal. Because of this, many people with AF feel tired, dizzy, or unwell. Although AF can affect anyone, it appears more often in older adults.
AF may come and go, or it may stay for a long time. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments is very important. With proper care, AF can be managed well. In this blog, we explain what atrial fibrillation is, why it happens, what symptoms you should notice, and the best ways to treat and control it.
What is atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm, also known as an arrhythmia. During AF, the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat very fast and irregularly. As a result, blood may not flow smoothly through the heart. This can make you feel tired, weak, or short of breath. In addition, AF increases the risk of stroke.
AF can be occasional or long-term. Some people feel their heart racing or fluttering, while others may not feel any symptoms at all. Learning about AF and seeking early treatment can greatly reduce risks and improve quality of life.
Causes of atrial fibrillation
Several factors can trigger or contribute to AF. These include:
- Heart diseases: High blood pressure, valve problems, or coronary artery disease.
- Electrolyte imbalance: Low or high levels of potassium or magnesium.
- Sleep apnea: Untreated sleep apnea raises the risk of AF.
- Alcohol intake: Heavy or irregular drinking can trigger episodes.
- Thyroid disorders: Both overactive and underactive thyroid glands can cause AF.
- Age: The risk increases as people get older.
Sometimes AF occurs even without any underlying heart disease, but its severity still increases with age.
Symptoms of atrial fibrillation
AF symptoms vary widely. Some people have strong symptoms, while others have none. Common symptoms include:
- Palpitations: A fast, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat.
- Shortness of breath: Often noticed during activity.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired even after resting.
- Dizziness: Feeling light-headed or unsteady.
- Chest pain: This may occur in some cases.
Some individuals experience “silent AF,” where no symptoms are present.
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation
The following factors increase the chances of developing AF:
- Age: People above 60 are at higher risk.
- Heart issues: Previous heart disease or surgery.
- High blood pressure: It can damage the heart’s electrical system.
- Family history: AF in close family members raises your risk.
- Obesity: Excess weight increases strain on the heart.
- Chronic diseases: Diabetes and similar long-term conditions.
Lifestyle habits like smoking, alcohol use, and lack of exercise also add to the risk.
Diagnosing atrial fibrillation
Doctors use several tests to diagnose AF. They usually start with a physical exam and a medical history check. Tests may include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the heart’s electrical activity.
- Holter monitor: A portable device that tracks your heart rhythm for 24–48 hours.
- Echocardiogram: An ultrasound to study the heart’s structure.
- Blood tests: These check for thyroid issues or electrolyte problems.
After diagnosis, your doctor decides the best treatment plan based on your symptoms and overall health.
Treatment options for atrial fibrillation
AF treatment depends on how often symptoms occur and how severe they are. The main goals are to control heart rate, restore normal rhythm when possible, and prevent stroke.
Medications
- Rate-control drugs: These slow down the heart rate (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers).
- Rhythm-control drugs: These help restore and maintain a normal rhythm (anti-arrhythmic medicines).
- Blood thinners: They prevent blood clots and lower the risk of stroke.
Electrical cardioversion
In some cases, doctors may use a controlled electric shock to reset the heart to a normal rhythm.
Catheter ablation
This procedure destroys small areas of heart tissue that cause abnormal signals. It can help many patients maintain a normal rhythm.
Surgery
In rare and severe conditions, surgery such as the Maze procedure may be recommended. It creates scar tissue that blocks faulty electrical pathways.
Managing atrial fibrillation
Managing AF requires a mix of medication and healthy lifestyle habits. Here are a few helpful steps:
- Take medication regularly: Follow your doctor’s instructions.
- Attend regular checkups: Monitoring helps ensure the heart stays healthy.
- Live a healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid excessive alcohol.
- Reduce stress: Techniques like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help.
Regular visits to the best hospitals in Baroda or Gujarat improve access to timely care and advanced treatment options.
Conclusion
Atrial fibrillation needs early detection and proper treatment. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management methods helps you make better health decisions. A healthy lifestyle, routine medical visits, and following your doctor’s advice are key to living well with AF.
If you or your loved one has symptoms of AF, visit one of the top hospitals in Baroda or Gujarat, India, to ensure the best care and treatment.
